Working Paper

Evolución de la Economía Mexicana (1940-2018): Del Milagro Mexicano al TLCAN

Publication Date
30 Jul 2025
Authors
José Antonio Romero Tellaeche Emilio Enrique Navarro Hernández
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*** ESPAÑOL ***

La economía mexicana experimentó transformaciones significativas entre 1940 y 2018. Durante el "Milagro Mexicano" (1940-1970), México logró un crecimiento sostenido del PIB del 6.41% anual, impulsado por la industrialización y estabilidad macroeconómica. Sin embargo, desde 1970, factores internos y externos, como la sobrevaluación del peso y la dependencia del petróleo, desencadenaron crisis económicas recurrentes. Las reformas estructurales iniciadas en los años 80, incluidas la liberalización comercial y el Tratado de Libre Comercio de América del Norte (TLCAN), no lograron impulsar un crecimiento sostenido. Aunque se estabilizó la inflación y se atrajo inversión extranjera, el crecimiento del ingreso per cápita permaneció bajo. Este periodo refleja los desafíos de integrar una economía emergente en mercados globales, destacando la necesidad de políticas económicas internas robustas que fomenten la resiliencia, la equidad y el desarrollo sostenible.

 

*** ENGLISH ***

The Mexican economy underwent significant transformations between 1940 and 2018. During the "Mexican Miracle" (1940-1970), Mexico achieved sustained GDP growth of 6.41% annually, driven by industrialization and macroeconomic stability. However, since 1970, internal and external factors, such as peso overvaluation and oil dependency, triggered recurrent economic crises. Structural reforms initiated in the 1980s, including trade liberalization and the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), failed to foster sustained growth. While inflation was stabilized and foreign investment attracted, per capita income growth remained low. This period highlights the challenges of integrating an emerging economy into global markets, emphasizing the need for robust domestic economic policies to promote resilience, equity, and sustainable development.

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