In fragile and conflict-affected contexts, where state institutions often face limits in reach, legitimacy or capacity, a range of non-state actors, including civil society, traditional authorities, political groups and armed actors, play key roles in service delivery and protection. These dynamics produce hybrid governance systems, where authority and services are shared and negotiated.
Developed by UNDP and UNU-CPR, this report provides a framework for understanding and working within these complex settings, drawing on global case studies and existing research. It clarifies key concepts, maps relevant actors and highlights challenges such as legal ambiguity, political sensitivity and ethical dilemmas, while also identifying opportunities for more effective, context-sensitive engagement.
Access "Service Delivery in Systems of Hybrid Governance: A Framework for Development Actors in Complex Settings" here.
Suggested citation: Adam Day. Service Delivery in Systems of Hybrid Governance: A Framework for Development Actors in Complex Settings : UNU-CPR, 2026.