Policy Brief

Promoting Effective Usage of the Belém Adaptation Indicators

Publication Date
27 Aug 2026
Authors
Naoyuki Okano Akane Matsuo Naoko Kimura
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The adoption of the 59 Belém Adaptation Indicators in 2025 marked a major step toward assessing progress on the Paris Agreement’s global goal on adaptation. This policy brief examines how the indicators can support global assessment, national monitoring, evaluation and learning while preserving country-driven adaptation. It identifies methodological and structural challenges, and provides recommendations to ensure the indicators' effectiveness and credible progress assessment through the 2028 global stocktake.

Highlights

The Belém Adaptation Indicators have strong potential to improve global assessment of climate adaptation. Policymakers must ensure that the indicators serve as a learning tool to accelerate adaptation efforts rather than a reporting burden that distorts national priorities. Future negotiations and technical processes should refine the indicators based on empirical data and pilot application to serve as a robust, long-term tool for assessing the 11 targets under the global goal on adaptation. 

Recommendations

  • Prioritize refining the indicators into an effective assessment tool in future negotiations and related technical workstreams. 
  • Refine the indicators, along with their metadata and methodologies, based on experiences gained from testing them. 
  • Combine indicators with qualitative information on good practices and pursue assessment approaches that integrate with those of other sustainable development policy agendas.