Gender-Transformative Interventions to Reduce HIV Risks and Violence with Heterosexually-Active Men: A Review of the Global Evidence

INTRODUCTION

Male-targeted HIV and violence programmes are likely beneficial

This systematic review suggests that targeting men in heterosexual relationships can positively affect HIV and violence indicators, which include HIV/STI outcomes, violence perpetration, sexual risk behaviour, and gender norms and attitudes. Effective interventions in this review commonly utilised small group sessions targeting men, with some including a community component.

KEY TAKEAWAYS

1. Further research needed

   This review captures the findings of 15 published programs. There were mixed results for some indicators across interventions, suggesting that further research with robust methodology is needed to understand exactly what makes an HIV and violence prevention program targeting heterosexual men successful. Male-targeted HIV and violence programmes are likely beneficial, but this is an area of gender and health that requires further understanding.

2. Programs should span across multiple intervention types

   More well-funded longitudinal or randomised programs that span across multiple intervention types can produce valuable data to understand the benefits of targeting heterosexual men in HIV and violence prevention programs.

3. Addressing structural factors can drive positive outcomes

   There was also only one intervention in this systematic review that addressed structural factors, in addition to masculinities, in their program. Focusing on this level of impacts may be helpful to create sustainable solutions in the future.

Our review of the available evidence suggests that gender-transformative programming can play an important role in increasing protective sexual behaviours, changing harmful attitudes, preventing violence, and reducing STI/HIV.

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